通过同时对已知类别进行分类并识别未知类别，将图像分类扩展到开放世界设置。尽管常规的OSR方法可以检测到分布（OOD）样本，但它们无法提供说明，表明哪些基本视觉属性（例如，形状，颜色或背景）导致特定样本未知。在这项工作中，我们介绍了一个新的问题设置，该设置将常规OSR推广到一个多属性设置，其中同时识别了多个视觉属性。在这里，不仅可以识别OOD样本，而且可以按其未知属性进行分类。我们提出了简单的常见OSR基线的扩展，以处理这种新颖的情况。我们表明，当培训数据集中存在虚假相关性时，这些基准很容易受到捷径。这导致了OOD性能差，根据我们的实验，这主要是由于预测的置信度得分的意外交叉分类相关性。我们提供了一个经验证据，表明这种行为在合成和现实世界数据集的不同基准之间是一致的。

当深层神经网络过于依赖培训数据集中的虚假相关性以解决下游任务时，就会发生快捷学习。先前的工作表明，这如何损害深度学习模型的组成概括能力。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种新的方法来减轻不受控制的目标域中的快捷方式学习。我们的方法使用附加的数据集（源域）扩展了训练集，该数据集（源域）是专门设计的，旨在促进学习基本视觉因素的独立表示。我们基于我们明确控制快捷机会以及现实世界目标域的合成目标域的想法。此外，我们分析了源域的不同规格和网络体系结构对组成概括的影响。我们的主要发现是，从源域中利用数据是减轻快捷方式学习的有效方法。通过促进学习表示的不同因素的独立性，网络可以学会仅考虑预测因素，并忽略推断期间潜在的快捷因素。

对比学习的标准方法是最大化数据不同观点之间的一致性。这些视图成对排序，使它们是正面的，编码对应于不同对象的视图对应的同一对象的不同视图或负面的视图。监督信号来自最大程度地提高正面对的总相似性，而为了避免崩溃，需要负面对。在这项工作中，我们注意到，当从数据的视图中形成集合时，考虑单个对的方法无法解释集合和集合间的相似性。因此，它限制了可用于训练表示形式的监督信号的信息内容。我们建议通过将对比对象作为集合进行对比，超越对比对象。为此，我们使用旨在评估集合和图形相似性的组合二次分配理论，并将设定对比度物镜作为对比度学习方法的正规化学方法。我们进行实验，并证明我们的方法改善了对度量学习和自我监督分类任务的学说。

最近公布的知识图形嵌入模型的实施，培训和评估的异质性已经公平和彻底的比较困难。为了评估先前公布的结果的再现性，我们在Pykeen软件包中重新实施和评估了21个交互模型。在这里，我们概述了哪些结果可以通过其报告的超参数再现，这只能以备用的超参数再现，并且无法再现，并且可以提供洞察力，以及为什么会有这种情况。然后，我们在四个数据集上进行了大规模的基准测试，其中数千个实验和24,804 GPU的计算时间。我们展示了最佳实践，每个模型的最佳配置以及可以通过先前发布的最佳配置进行改进的洞察。我们的结果强调了模型架构，训练方法，丢失功能和逆关系显式建模的组合对于模型的性能来说至关重要，而不仅由模型架构决定。我们提供了证据表明，在仔细配置时，若干架构可以获得对最先进的结果。我们制定了所有代码，实验配置，结果和分析，导致我们在https://github.com/pykeen/pykeen和https://github.com/pykeen/benchmarking中获得的解释

A major goal of multimodal research is to improve machine understanding of images and text. Tasks include image captioning, text-to-image generation, and vision-language representation learning. So far, research has focused on the relationships between images and text. For example, captioning models attempt to understand the semantics of images which are then transformed into text. An important question is: which annotation reflects best a deep understanding of image content? Similarly, given a text, what is the best image that can present the semantics of the text? In this work, we argue that the best text or caption for a given image is the text which would generate the image which is the most similar to that image. Likewise, the best image for a given text is the image that results in the caption which is best aligned with the original text. To this end, we propose a unified framework that includes both a text-to-image generative model and an image-to-text generative model. Extensive experiments validate our approach.

Variance parameter estimation in linear mixed models is a challenge for many classical nonlinear optimization algorithms due to the positive-definiteness constraint of the random effects covariance matrix. We take a completely novel view on parameter estimation in linear mixed models by exploiting the intrinsic geometry of the parameter space. We formulate the problem of residual maximum likelihood estimation as an optimization problem on a Riemannian manifold. Based on the introduced formulation, we give geometric higher-order information on the problem via the Riemannian gradient and the Riemannian Hessian. Based on that, we test our approach with Riemannian optimization algorithms numerically. Our approach yields a higher quality of the variance parameter estimates compared to existing approaches.

Large language models have demonstrated outstanding performance on a wide range of tasks such as question answering and code generation. On a high level, given an input, a language model can be used to automatically complete the sequence in a statistically-likely way. Based on this, users prompt these models with language instructions or examples, to implement a variety of downstream tasks. Advanced prompting methods can even imply interaction between the language model, a user, and external tools such as calculators. However, to obtain state-of-the-art performance or adapt language models for specific tasks, complex task- and model-specific programs have to be implemented, which may still require ad-hoc interaction. Based on this, we present the novel idea of Language Model Programming (LMP). LMP generalizes language model prompting from pure text prompts to an intuitive combination of text prompting and scripting. Additionally, LMP allows constraints to be specified over the language model output. This enables easy adaption to many tasks, while abstracting language model internals and providing high-level semantics. To enable LMP, we implement LMQL (short for Language Model Query Language), which leverages the constraints and control flow from an LMP prompt to generate an efficient inference procedure that minimizes the number of expensive calls to the underlying language model. We show that LMQL can capture a wide range of state-of-the-art prompting methods in an intuitive way, especially facilitating interactive flows that are challenging to implement with existing high-level APIs. Our evaluation shows that we retain or increase the accuracy on several downstream tasks, while also significantly reducing the required amount of computation or cost in the case of pay-to-use APIs (13-85% cost savings).

This project explores the feasibility of remote patient monitoring based on the analysis of 3D movements captured with smartwatches. We base our analysis on the Kinematic Theory of Rapid Human Movement. We have validated our research in a real case scenario for stroke rehabilitation at the Guttmann Institute5 (neurorehabilitation hospital), showing promising results. Our work could have a great impact in remote healthcare applications, improving the medical efficiency and reducing the healthcare costs. Future steps include more clinical validation, developing multi-modal analysis architectures (analysing data from sensors, images, audio, etc.), and exploring the application of our technology to monitor other neurodegenerative diseases.

One of today's goals for industrial robot systems is to allow fast and easy provisioning for new tasks. Skill-based systems that use planning and knowledge representation have long been one possible answer to this. However, especially with contact-rich robot tasks that need careful parameter settings, such reasoning techniques can fall short if the required knowledge not adequately modeled. We show an approach that provides a combination of task-level planning and reasoning with targeted learning of skill parameters for a task at hand. Starting from a task goal formulated in PDDL, the learnable parameters in the plan are identified and an operator can choose reward functions and parameters for the learning process. A tight integration with a knowledge framework allows to form a prior for learning and the usage of multi-objective Bayesian optimization eases to balance aspects such as safety and task performance that can often affect each other. We demonstrate the efficacy and versatility of our approach by learning skill parameters for two different contact-rich tasks and show their successful execution on a real 7-DOF KUKA-iiwa.

To track the 3D locations and trajectories of the other traffic participants at any given time, modern autonomous vehicles are equipped with multiple cameras that cover the vehicle's full surroundings. Yet, camera-based 3D object tracking methods prioritize optimizing the single-camera setup and resort to post-hoc fusion in a multi-camera setup. In this paper, we propose a method for panoramic 3D object tracking, called CC-3DT, that associates and models object trajectories both temporally and across views, and improves the overall tracking consistency. In particular, our method fuses 3D detections from multiple cameras before association, reducing identity switches significantly and improving motion modeling. Our experiments on large-scale driving datasets show that fusion before association leads to a large margin of improvement over post-hoc fusion. We set a new state-of-the-art with 12.6% improvement in average multi-object tracking accuracy (AMOTA) among all camera-based methods on the competitive NuScenes 3D tracking benchmark, outperforming previously published methods by 6.5% in AMOTA with the same 3D detector.